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Return to: Title IX: Table of Contents
Goldey-Beacom College defines consent as follows:
An affirmative decision to engage willingly in mutually acceptable sexual activity given by clear words or actions. It is an informed decision made freely and actively by all involved parties. In order for a sexual encounter to be consensual, each participant must agree to engage in each act of the encounter.
- Consent is active, not passive. Silence, in and of itself, cannot be interpreted as consent. Consent can be given by words or actions, as long as those words or actions create mutually understandable permission regarding the conditions of sexual activity.
- Consent to one form of sexual activity cannot imply consent to other forms of sexual activity.
- Previous relationships or consent does not imply consent to future sexual acts.
- Consent cannot be procured by use of physical force, compelling threats, intimidating behavior, or coercion. Coercion is unreasonable pressure for sexual activity.
- Consent is a continual, on-going action. Either party may withdraw consent at any time during the sexual encounter. Once withdrawal of consent has been expressed by words or actions that indicate a clear desire to end sexual activity, all sexual activity must cease immediately.
In order to give effective consent, one must be of legal age and have the capacity to consent. Incapacity may result from mental disability, intellectual disability, unconsciousness/sleep, age, or use of alcohol, drugs, medication, and/or other substances. Consent can not be given by someone who one should know to be, or based on the circumstances, reasonably should have known to be, mentally or physically incapacitated, and acting as though consent has been granted is a policy violation. Incapacitation is a state where someone cannot make rational, reasonable decisions because the person lacks capacity to give knowing consent (e.g. to understand the “who, what, when, where, why or how” of their sexual interaction).
The use of alcohol or drugs can limit a person’s ability to give consent freely and clearly. Alcohol and other drugs can lower inhibitions and create an atmosphere of confusion over whether or not consent has been freely and clearly given. The perspective of a reasonable person evaluating another person’s physical or verbal functions will be the basis for determining whether one should have known that the use of alcohol or drugs impaired that person’s ability to give consent.
Examples of when a person should know the other is incapacitated include, but are not limited to:
- the amount of alcohol, medication or drugs consumed, or
- imbalance or stumbling, or
- slurred speech, or
- lack of consciousness or inability to control bodily functions or movements, or
- vomiting.
Being intoxicated or impaired by alcohol or drugs does not diminish one’s responsibility to obtain consent and is never an excuse for sexual misconduct.
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